The session explored how EU funds, in particular the European Social Fund (ESF) and other social innovation initiatives promote skills enhancement across Member States, unleashing the full potential of the EU's workforce, and boosting human capital. Through evaluation results, the session examined the factors underpinning successful initiatives, as well as the potential and challenges inherent to the implementation of the programmes. It counted with insights from evaluators, Managing Authorities, beneficiary organisations, and initiatives targeting hard-to-reach groups.