The panel brought together experts from policy, business, and academia to discuss how to modernise labour markets in response to digitalisation and demographic shifts. Celeste Drake (ILO) stressed that while AI will not lead to mass layoffs in the near future, it will reshape jobs. Ensuring fair transitions will require investment in reskilling, social protection, and migration policies. Cillian Nolan (J-PAL) presented evidence-based approaches to employment and social inclusion, highlighting the importance of early intervention in unemployment and career progression support. Dominique Hermans (Randstad) noted a shift in workforce expectations – employees now prioritise purpose, flexibility, and career development. Employers must adapt or risk losing talent. Patrick Benammar (Renault) showcased how the automotive industry is reskilling workers for the green transition. Renault has already retrained tens of thousands of employees for electric mobility and the circular economy, demonstrating the power of partnerships between industry and education.